The outer, visible part of the horse's hoof is made up predominantly of the wall, sole and frog. Its main purposes are to bear the weight of the horse, provide natural protection to the internal structures of the hoof, and reduce concussion during movement.

An approximate rate of hoof growth is ¼ inch every 4 weeks. Therefore, the optimal time period between the horse's hooves being trimmed or re-shod is 4-6 weeks. This time frame enables a reasonable amount of hoof growth, without allowing them to to become too long and out of balance which can increase the risk of new or existing medical problems. Regardless of whether the horse is shod or barefoot, excessive trimming or cutting of the hoof wall should be avoided as it removes the natural protection, and can lead to soreness or lameness.

Putting shoes on or leaving the horse barefoot (without shoes) are both considered acceptable methods of foot care. However if the horse is working, barefoot trimming should only be considered if the hooves are strong, hard-wearing and the horse does not display signs of discomfort or pain during movement. To maintain balance and condition, both methods of foot care require regular attention from the farrier.